GRAMMAR

I. VERBS & TENSES

I.1. Agreement

I.2. Classification

I.3. How to conjugate ordinary verbs

I.4. Tenses

I.4.1. Simple present tense

I.4.2. Present continuous tense

I.4.2.1. Form

I.4.2.2. Time markers

I.4.2.3. Use

I.4.2.4. Particular use + Non progressive verbs + Verbs followed by gerund

Or infinitive

I.4.3. Present perfect tense

I.4.3.1. Form

I.4.3.2. Time markers

I.4.3.3. Use

I.4.4. Present perfect continuous

I.4.4.1 Form

I.4.4.2. Time markers

I.4.4.3. Use

I.4.5. Simple past

I.4.5.1. Regular verbs

I.4.5.2. Irregular verbs

I.4.5.3. Pronunciation

I.4.5.4. Time markers

I.4.5.5. Use

I.4.6 Past Continuous

I.4.6.1. Time markers

I.4.6.2. Use

I.4.7. Past perfect

I.4.7.1. Time markers

I.4.7.2. Pronunciation

I.4.7.3 Use

I.4.8. Past perfect continuous

I.4.8.1. Form

I.4.8.2. Use

I.4.9. Simple future

I.4.9.1. Form

I.4.9.2. Time markers

I.4.9.3. Pronunciation

I.4.9.4. Use

I.4.10. Future continuous

I.4.10.1. Form

I.4.10.2. Use

I.4.11. Future perfect

I.4.11.1. Form

I.4.11.2. Use

I.4.12. Regular and irregular verbs list

I.5. Errors to avoid in tense of verbs

I.6. Errors to avoid in agreement

I.7. Some notes on irregular verbs

I.8. Verbs (gerund – infinitive- participle)

I.9. Phrasal Verbs

I.10. Exercises and answers

II ARTICLES

- Introduction

- Types of articles: indefinite and definite articles

- Use

- Position ‘a’

- Omission of ‘a’

- Position of ‘the’

- Omission of ‘the’

- Zero article

- Exercises

- Answers

III SENTENCE

- What is a sentence?

- Parts of a sentence

- Types of a sentence

- Phrase

- The noun

- Kinds of noun

- Gender

- Formation of feminine

- Plural of noun

- Exercises

IV ADVERB

- Introduction

- Kinds of adverbs

· Adverbs of time

· Adverbs of place

· Adverbs of manner

· Adverbs of degree

· Adverbs of frequency

· Affirmative adverbs

· Interrogative adverbs

- How to form an adverb

- Some words that have the same form whether they are used as an adjective or an adverb

- Adverbs that have two acceptable forms

- Adverbs from nouns

- Adverbs from adjectives

- Comparison of adverbs

- Some irregular adverbs

- The place of the adverb

- Exercises

- Answers

V ADJECTIVES

- Introduction

- Kinds of adjectives

· Adjective of quality

· Adjective of quantity

· Possessive adjective

· Distributive adjective

· Demonstrative adjective

- Recognizing adjectives and adverbs

- Compound adjectives

- The position of adjective

- Comparison of adjectives

· Comparison of equality

· Comparison of inferiority

· Comparative form of gradual increase

· Comparative form of decrease

· Comparative of one syllable

· Comparative of disyllabic

- Notes on comparison of adjectives

- Comparison with ‘other’, ‘else’ or ‘of all’

- Errors to avoid in comparison

- Confusion with adverbs and adjectives

· Linking verbs

- Use of quantitative adjectives

- Some compound nouns from quantitative adjectives

- Nouns from some adjectives

- The adjective used as a noun

- Compound adjectives preceding and following a noun

- Exercises

VI PRONOUN

- Introduction

- Definition

- Kinds of pronouns

· Personal pronouns

· Relative pronouns

· Interrogative pronouns

· Demonstrative pronouns

· Indefinite pronouns

· Reflexive pronouns

· Possessive pronouns

- The function of a pronoun in the sentence

· Subject case

· Object case

- Agreement

- Exercises

- Answers

VII PREPOSITIONS

- Introduction

- Object of the preposition

- Prepositional phrase

- Preposition or adverb

- Kinds of prepositions

· Simple prepositions

· Group prepositions

- Errors to avoid

- Idiomatic prepositions

· Prepositions after some verbs

· Prepositions after adjectives or participles

· Prepositions after nouns

- Some errors to avoid

- Exercises

- Answers

VIII ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE

- Introduction

- Using Voice in Writing

- Retained Objects

- How to change an active voice into a passive voice

- Examples

- Exercises

IX CONJUNCTIONS

- Introduction

- Coordinating Conjunctions

- Errors to avoid

- Conjunctive adverbs

- Correlative Conjunctions

- Errors to avoid

- Subordinating Conjunctions

- Other errors to avoid

- Exercises

- Answers

X QUESTIONS TAGS

XI SENTENCE COMBINING

- Introduction

- Coordination:

· Coordinating Conjunctions

· Compound Predicates

· Conjunctive adverbs and transitional expressions

· To add two related ideas

· To contrast two related or to limit an idea

· To show that one idea is a consequence of the other

· To show repetition or illustration of an idea in fact

- Subordination strategies

· Subordinating Conjunctions

· One idea is a contrast of the other

· One idea is a consequence of the other

· One idea is a condition of the other

· One idea is related in time to the other

- Relative pronouns

- Appositives

- Verbal phrases

· Infinitive phrase

· Present participial phrase

· Past participial phrase

- Using Coordination and Subordination

XII Conditional sentences

XIII Direct and Indirect speech

Resources:

- Basic English Grammar by Betty Schrampfer Azar and Stacy A. Hagen

- English Grammar in Use by Raymond Murphy

- Advanced Grammar in Use by Martin Hewings

- English Tutor

- Changing Times, Changing Tenses

- Common Mistakes in English

- A concise English Grammar for Foreign Students

- Rules for Writers

- English Grammar: Style and Writing

- Understanding and Using English Grammar by Betty Schrampfer Azar