ENGLISH FOR NURSES AND MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS

English for Nurses and Medical Professionals

Patients come in all different shapes and sizes. They also speak many different languages. Whether you are working abroad or at home, there will come a time when you will need to rely on English to communicate. These pages can help nurses, doctors, pharmacists, paramedics, receptionists, specialists or even those who volunteer. They will help you learn some basic English expressions and vocabulary related to the medical field. By studying and practising Medical English, you will be able to make your patients feel more comfortable, and have a better understanding of their needs. You will also learn how to talk to their loved ones and communicate with other medical staff who speak English. Do the exercises and take the quizzes to test your knowledge and understanding.
Vocabulary
Vocabulary Quiz
Human Body
Human Body Quiz
Medical Supplies
Medical Specialists
Doctor's Diagnosis
Visiting Hours
Booking Appointments
Vocabulary
Wordpart of speech
Meaning
Example sentence
abnormaladj
not normal for the human body
This amount of weight loss is abnormal for women your age.
achenoun/verb
pain that won't go away
I can't sleep because my knees ache in the night.
acuteadj
quick to become severe/bad
We knew the baby was coming right away because the woman's labor pains were acute.
allergy nounallergic adj
a body's abnormal reaction to certain foods or environmental substances (eg causes a rash)
Your son is extremely allergic to peanuts.
ambulancenoun
emergency vehicle that rushes people to a hospital
We called the ambulance when Josh stopped breathing.
amnesianoun
a condition that causes people to lose their memory
I can't remember the accident because I had amnesia.
amputation nounamputate verb
permanent removal of a limb
We had to amputate his leg because the infection spread so quickly.
anemia nounanemic adj
occurs when the body doesn't have enough red blood cells
I have low energy because I am anemic.
antibioticsnoun
medication that kills bacteria and cures infections
My throat infection went away after I started the antibiotics.
anti-depressantnoun
medication that helps relieve anxiety and sadness
The anti-depressants helped me get on with life after Lucy died.
appointmentnoun
a scheduled meeting with a medical professional
I've made you an appointment with a specialist in three week's time.
arthritisnoun
a disease that causes the joints to become swollen and crippled
My grandmother can't knit anymore because the arthritis in her hands is so bad.
asthma (attack)noun
a condition that causes a blockage of the airway and makes it difficult for a person to breathe
I carry an inhaler when I run because I have asthma.
bacterianoun
a disease-causing organism infection
To prevent the spread of bacteria it is important that nurses wash their hands often.
bedsorenoun
wounds that develop on a patient's body from lying in one place for too long
If you don't get up and take a walk, you will develop painful bedsores.
benignadj
not harmful (not cancerous)
We're hoping that the tests will show that the lump in your breast is benign.
biopsynoun
removal of human tissue in order to conduct certain medical tests
The biopsy ruled out a number of illnesses.
blood countnoun
the amount of red and white blood cells a person has
You will be happy to know that your blood count is almost back to normal.
blood donornoun
a person who gives blood to a blood bank or other person
Blood donors have to answer questions about their medical history.
blood pressurenoun
the rate at which blood flows through the body (high/low)
High blood pressure puts you at risk of having a heart attack.
bracenoun
a device that holds injured body parts in place
You will probably always have to wear a brace on your ankle when you jog.
breechadj
position of an unborn baby in which the feet are down and the head is up
We thought it was going to be breech birth, but the baby turned himself around.
brokenadj
a bone that is divided in two or more pieces as a result of an injury
We thought it was just a sprain, but it turned out his leg was broken.
bruise nounbruised adj
injured body tissue that is visible underneath the skin
The woman was badly bruised when she came into the emergency room.
Caesarean section, C-sectionnoun
procedure that involves removing a baby from its mother through an incision in the woman's lower abdomen
The baby was so large that we had to perform a Caesarean section.
cancernoun
disease caused by the uncontrollable growth of cells
There are many different options when it comes to treating cancer.
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)noun
restoring a person's breath and circulation
You saved your brother's life by performing CPR.
castnoun
a hard bandage that is wrapped around a broken bone to keep it in place
My leg was in a cast for graduation.
chapel, noun
a place where loved ones can go to pray for a patient's recovery;a priest who visits patients in the hospital
If you want a place to pray, the chapel is on the third floor.
chemotherapynoun
type of treatment used on cancer patients
My mother has already had three rounds of chemotherapy.
chickenpoxnoun
a virus commonly contracted by children, characterized by itchy spots all over the body
It is best to get chickenpox as a child so that you don't get it worse as an adult.
coronernoun
a person who determines the cause of death after a person dies
We only call the coroner if we think a death is suspicious.
critical conditionnoun
requiring immediate and constant medical attention
You can't see her right now; she's in critical condition.
crutchesnoun
objects that people with injured legs or feet use to help them walk
I'd rather hop on one foot than use crutches.
cystnoun
a sac in the body-tissue filled with fluid (sometimes diseased)
We're going to remove the cysts just to be on the safe side.
deafadj
unable to hear
The accident left the patient both deaf and blind.
deficiencynoun
a lack of something necessary for one's health
The tests show that you have an iron deficiency.
dehydratedadj
in need of water
It is easy for the elderly to become dehydrated in this heat.
dementianoun
loss of mental capacity
It is hard to watch a loved one suffering with dementia.
diabetesnoun
type of disease typically involving insulin deficiency
People with diabetes have to constantly check their blood sugar levels.
diagnosisnoun
medical explanation of an illness or condition
The doctor would prefer to share the diagnosis with the patient himself.
discomfortnoun
experiencing pain
This pain medication should relieve some of your discomfort.
diseasenoun
a medical disorder that is harmful to a person's health
I understand that this disease runs in your family.
dislocatedadj
when a bone is temporarily separated from its joint
You will have to wear a sling because of your dislocated shoulder.
emergencynoun
a medical problem that needs immediate attention
It is important that children know which number to dial in case of an emergency.
ER (emergency room)noun
the hospital room used for treating patients with immediate and life-threatening injuries
The child was rushed into the ER after he had a severe allergic reaction to a bee sting.
externaladj
on the outside
This cream is for external use only. Do not get it near your ears, eyes, or mouth.
false negativenounadj
a test that incorrectly comes back negative
We had two false negative pregnancy tests, so we didn't know we were having a baby.
family historynoun
medical background of a person's family members
The doctor was concerned about my family history of skin cancer.
fataladj
causing death
The doctor made a fatal error when he wrote the wrong prescription.
fever nounfeverish adj
higher than normal body temperature
He is very feverish, and his temperature is near danger point.
flu (influenza)noun
many types of respiratory or intestinal infections passed on through a virus
People who have the flu should not visit hospital patients.
fracture nounfractured adj
broken or cracked bone
Your wrist is fractured and needs a cast.
germnoun
a micro-organism, especially one that causes disease
Flowers are not allowed in the ward to avoid the risk of germs being brought in.
geneticadj
a medical condition or physical feature that is passed on in the family
The disease is part genetic and part environmental.
growthnoun
a ball of tissue that grows bigger than normal, either on or under the skin
That growth on your shoulder is starting to worry me.
heart attacknoun
instance in which blood stops pumping through the heart
People who smoke are at greater risk of having a heart attack.
HIVnoun
the virus that infects the human T-cells and leads to AIDS
HIV can be passed down from the mother to her fetus.
hivesnoun
bumps that appear on the surface of the skin during an allergic reaction
I broke out in hives after I ate that potato casserole.
illness nounill adj
general term for any condition that makes a person feel sick for a certain period of time
Her illness went away when she started eating better.
immune systemnoun
the parts of the body that fight diseases, infections, and viruses
You can't have visitors because your immune system is low.
immunizationnounimmunize verb
an injection that protects against a specific disease
Babies are immunized three times in their first year.
incisionnoun
cut in the body made during surgery
I had to have stitches to close the incision.
inconclusiveadj
unclear
We have to do more x-rays because the first ones were inconclusive.
infantnoun
young baby
The nurse will demonstrate how to bathe an infant.
infection nouninfected adj
diseased area of the body (viral or bacterial)
The wound should be covered when you swim to prevent it from becoming infected.
inflamedadj
appearance (red and swollen) of an injured body part
My right ankle was so inflamed it was twice the size of my left one.
injurynoun
damage to the body
Her injuries were minor; just a few cuts and bruises.
intensive care unit (ICU)noun
section of the hospital where patients get constant attention and doctors rely on specialized equipment
She will remain in the ICU until she can breathe on her own.
internaladj
under the skin, inside the organs
The doctors will be monitoring her for any internal bleeding.
itchyadj
feeling discomfort on the skin's surface
If you are allergic to this medication your skin will get red and itchy.
IVnoun
a tube that pumps liquids and medication into a patient's body
The toddler was so dehydrated that the doctor decided to get him on an IV.
lab resultsnoun
tests that come back from a laboratory and help doctors make a diagnosis
The lab results have come in and you are free to go home.
lab (laboratory)noun
place where samples of blood/urine etc. are taken for testing
I'll take these samples down to the lab on my way out.
life supportnoun
a machine that keeps patients alive by helping them breathe
The woman has severe brain damage and is currently on life support.
life-threateningadj
when injuries and conditions are extremely serious
The victim was shot in two places but the bullet wounds are not life-threatening.
light-headedadj
feeling of dizziness and being off-balance, caused by lack of oxygen in the brain
If you are feeling light-headed again, lie down and call me.
malignantadj
expected to grow and get much worse (especially related to cancerous cells)
I'm afraid at least one of the tumors is malignant.
medical school (med. school)noun
place where someone trains to be a doctor
After eight years of medical school I can finally practice medicine.
newbornnoun
an infant that is less than three months old
You have to support her neck because she is still a newborn.
numbadj
no feeling in a certain body part
The needle will make your lower body feel numb.
OR (operating room)noun
the place where major surgeries and operations take place
You must wear a face mask and gloves while you are in the OR.
operation nounoperate on verb
a medical procedure that involves going inside a person's body in an attempt to fix a problem
The operation lasted seven hours, but it was successful.
painnoun
strong discomfort in certain areas of the body
We gave your husband some medicine to relieve some of the pain.
pain killer, pain relievernoun
type of medicine that takes away some or all of the discomfort of an illness or injury
You can take two pain killers every four hours.
paralyzedadj
unable to move certain areas of the body
We thought her legs were paralyzed for life, but she is learning how to walk.
patientnoun
a person staying in a hospital or medical facility
The patients in Room 4 are not getting along.
pharmacistnoun
a person who fills a doctor's prescription and gives people advice about medication
Ask the pharmacist if there is a generic brand of this medication.
pharmacy, drugstorenoun
a place where people go to buy medication and other medical supplies
You should be able to buy a bandage at the pharmacy.
physiciannoun
doctor
Ask your family physician to refer you to a specialist.
poison nounpoisonous adj
a substance that is very dangerous if it enters the human body
The child was bitten by a poisonous snake.
prenataladj
of the time period leading up to giving birth
The woman was well prepared for labour because she took the prenatal classes.
prescriptionnounprescribe verb
the correct amount and type of medication needed to cure an illness or relieve symptoms
You will need to visit your doctor to get another prescription.
privacy nounprivate adj
being alone; personal (eg test results)
You will have to pay for a private hospital room if you don't want a room-mate.
radiationnoun
high energy X-rays that destroy cancer cells
If the radiation doesn't kill all of the abnormal cells, the cancer will come back.
residencyresidentnoun
part of a doctor's training that takes place in the hospital;a student working under a doctor
John is a resident under Dr Brown.
routine check-upnoun
a doctor's appointment to check a person's general health
I'd like to see you a year from now for a routine check-up.
scrubsnoun
plain uniform (usually green, white, or blue) worn by medical professionals
I have some extra scrubs in my locker.
scrub upverb
carefully wash hands before and after seeing a patient
I have to scrub up and get ready for surgery.
second opinionnoun
input from a second doctor about an illness or symptom
I went to another doctor to get a second opinion about these headaches.
seizurenoun
sudden violent movements or unconsciousness caused by electrical signal malfunction in the brain
People who suffer from epilepsy are prone to seizures.
shocknoun
body not getting enough blood flow
The woman was in shock after being pulled from the river.
side effectsnoun
other symptoms that might occur as a result of a certain medication or procedure
One of the side effects of antidepressants is a loss of appetite.
soreadj
painful
I have a sore throat and a runny nose.
spasmnoun
the uncontrollable tightening of a muscle
Ever since I injured my leg I've been having muscle spasms in my upper thigh.
specialistnoun
a doctor that is an expert in a certain kind of medicine
My family doctor is sending me to a specialist.
sprainnoun/verb
an injury (less serious than a break) to a joint (ankle, wrist, knee etc)
I sprained my knee playing soccer.
stable conditionnoun
a patient is stable if their medical condition is no longer changing rapidly
You can see your husband now; he is in a stable condition.
stingnoun/verb
sharp, temporary pain
It may sting when I insert the needle.
stress nounstressed adj
worry that causes muscles to tighten and blood pressure to rise
You need to take some time off work and relieve some of your stress.
swelling nounswollen adj
ligaments (parts that hold the joints together) growing bigger and rounder after an injury to a joint
I knew my ankle was sprained because it was so swollen.
symptomsnoun
pain or physical changes that occur because of an illness or disease
You have all of the symptoms of a diabetic.
temperaturenoun
amount of heat measured in a body; higher than normal temperature
We brought Jesse to emergency because he was running a (high) temperature.
tenderadj
painful when touched or used
The incision was tender after the surgery.
test resultsnoun
medical information that helps doctors understand a patient's condition or body
The test results came back negative. You aren't pregnant.
therapynoun
treatment aimed at improving a person's mental or physical condition
I was able to go back to work a few weeks after starting the therapy.
transplantnoun
moving of an organ from one human to another
The heart transplant saved your life.
ultrasoundnoun
a test that examines the body's internal organs and processes using sound waves (often used during pregnancies)
The ultrasound shows that we are expecting a baby boy.
umbilical cordnoun
the lifeline from the mother to the fetus (when cut at birth this forms the belly button)
I had an emergency C-section because the umbilical cord was wrapped around the baby's neck.
unconsciousadj
alive, but appearing to be asleep and unaware of the surroundings
I hit my head on the steering wheel and was still unconscious when the ambulance arrived.
urine samplenoun
a small amount of the body's liquid waste that is tested for different medical reasons
The urine sample tells us how much alcohol is in your blood.
veinnoun
the thin tubes that transport blood around the body and back to the heart
I'm just looking for the best vein in which to insert the needle.
virusnoun
a dangerous organism that causes the spread of minor and major diseases
The virus is contractible through the exchange of bodily fluids.
visiting hoursnoun
time of day when friends and family are allowed to visit patients in hospital
I'm afraid you'll have to come back during visiting hours.
vomitnoun/verb
discharge of a person stomach contents through the mouth
The pregnant woman can't stop vomiting.
wardnoun
a section of a hospital or health facility where patients stay
I should warn you that we're entering the mental health ward.
wheelchairnoun
a chair on wheels used for transporting patients from place to place
If you get in the wheelchair I'll take you down to see the garden.
wound nounwounded adj
injury to body ("flesh wound" means not deep)
The wounded soldiers are being airlifted to the hospital.
x-raynoun/verb
a photograph of a person's bones and organs
The technician took x-rays of my shoulder to make sure it wasn't broken.


Vocabulary Quiz
1
You shouldn't drive because this medicine might make you feel life-threatening light headed malignant swollen.
Click for answer light headed
2
The children's vein transplant ward wound is located on the fourth floor of the hospital.
Click for answer ward
3
Discontinue using this cream immediately if it makes you feel itchy allergy sprain bandage.
Click for answer itchy
4
Your blood count is abnormal, so you may have amnesia anaemia dementia asthma.
Click for answer anaemia
5
The doctor wrote me a prescription patient radiation scrub up for a new type of pain reliever.
Click for answer prescription
6
Side effects Stress Spasm Stable condition from this medication include nausea and depression.
Click for answer Side effects
7
The sore therapy ultrasound seizure suggests that your wife is seventeen weeks pregnant.
Click for answer ultrasound
8
The patient has asked for some poisonous privacy scrub up second opinion while her family is visiting.
Click for answer privacy
9
The physician will be monitoring your antibiotics laboratory immunization growth to make sure it isn't cancerous.
Click for answer growth
10
You couldn't have inherited the disease because it is not feverish allergic genetic feverish.

Human Body
One of the first things you need to know when working in English is the parts of the body. You will need to learn the names of the internal (inside the skin) and external body parts. You will also need to learn the words for the functions of each of these body parts. Here are the basics to get you started.
Head
Inside the head is the brain, which is responsible for thinking. The top of a person’s scalp is covered with hair. Beneath the hairline at the front of the face is the forehead. Underneath the forehead are the eyes for seeing, the nose for smelling, and the mouth for eating. On the outside of the mouth are the lips, and on the inside of the mouth are the teeth for biting and the tongue for tasting. Food is swallowed down the throat. At the sides of the face are the cheeks and at the sides of the head are the ears for hearing. At the bottom of a person's face is the chin. The jaw is located on the inside of the cheeks and chin. The neck is what attaches the head to the upper body.
Upper Body
At the top and front of the upper body, just below the neck is the collar bone. On the front side of the upper body is the chest, which in women includes the breasts. Babies suck on the nipples of their mother's breasts. Beneath the ribcage are the stomach and the waist. The navel, more commonly referred to as the belly button, is located here as well. On the inside of the upper body are the heart for pumping blood and the lungs for breathing. The rear side of the upper body is called the back, inside which the spine connects the upper body to the lower body.
Upper Limbs (arms)The arms are attached to the shoulders. Beneath this area is called the armpit or underarm. The upper arms have the muscles known as triceps and biceps. The joint halfway down the arm is called the elbow. Between the elbow and the next joint, the wrist, is the forearm. Below the wrist is the hand with four fingers and one thumb. Beside the thumb is the index finger. Beside the index finger is the middle finger, followed by the ring finger and the little finger. At the ends of the fingers are fingernails.
Lower Body
Below the waist, on left and right, are the hips. Between the hips are the reproductive organs, the penis (male) or the vagina (female). At the back of the lower body are the buttocks for sitting on. They are also commonly referred to as the rear end or the bum (especially with children). The internal organs in the lower body include the intestines for digesting food, the bladder for holding liquid waste, as well as the liver and the kidneys. This area also contains the woman's uterus, which holds a baby when a woman is pregnant.
Lower Limbs (legs)The top of the leg is called the thigh, and the joint in the middle of the leg is the knee. The front of the lower leg is the shin and the back of the lower leg is the calf. The ankle connects the foot to the leg. Each foot has five toes. The smallest toe is often called the little toe while the large one is called the big toe. At the ends of the toes are toenails.
Human Body Quiz
1
Your tonsils can get swollen when you have a sore thigh toe throat lips.
Click for answer throat
2
The elbow ankle shoulder knee is located in the middle of the arm.
Click for answer elbow
3
My Dad's little thumb toe wrist armpit was lost in the accident.
Click for answer toe
4
The patient lost so much weight his calves thigh muscle cheeks were sunken in.
Click for answer cheeks
5
We'll put a cool cloth on your knees tongue teeth forehead to get your fever down.
Click for answer forehead
6
Another word for belly button is knee naval chest stomach.
Click for answer naval
7
The newborn is getting his thigh bum shin heart changed in the nursery.
Click for answer bum
8
She may never walk again because her uterus spine finger eye was so badly injured.
Click for answer spine
9
The collar bone limbs teeth skin on his knee was scraped off when he hit the road.
Click for answer skin
10
Your grandfather will be able to walk better after his chin waist hip armsurgery.

Medical Supplies and Tools
Here is a list of some of the most common supplies found in doctor's offices, operating rooms, and medical kits. Study the vocabulary and try the matching exercise.
antiseptic
liquid used to sterilize (clean) the surface of the skin
bandage
a cloth covering that is placed over a wound to prevent bleeding, swelling and infection
bandage scissors
tool used to cut bandages
blood pressure monitor
a tool that measures the force of blood flow through a person's body
dressing
protective covering that is placed over a wound
elastic tape
a thin roll of stretchy material that is sticky on one side
eye chart
a poster of letter, word, and number combinations of various sizes used to test a person's eyesight
forceps
instrument used during operations and medical procedures (assists the doctor in pulling, holding, and retrieving)
gauze
thin, netted material used for dressing wounds
hypodermic needle
sharp pointed metal piece that pricks the skin (attached to a syringe), used for taking blood or administering medicine
IV bag
the pouch that contains liquids to be pumped into a patient's body
medicine cup
small plastic measuring cup
microscope
equipment that makes small things appear larger than they are
otoscope
a device used for looking into a patient's ears
oxygen mask
equipment that fits over the nose and mouth and supplies oxygen
privacy screen
an object that is used to separate the doctor and patient from others in an open room
scales
a device that measures a person's weight
stethoscope
equipment for listening to a person's heart and lungs
syringe
a cylinder-shaped piece that attaches to a needle and can be filled with liquid
table and head-rest paper
paper that is placed on an examining table or head-rest to prevent the spread of germs
test tube
glass cylinder that is filled with blood or other liquids and can be capped and placed in a storage area
thermometer
an instrument used to check a person's body temperature
vial
a small bottle or container used for storing liquids
Matching ExerciseMatch the comments with the supplies that are needed:
1
I can't catch my breath.

a
table and head-rest paper
2
Prepare the examining table for the next patient.

b
thermometer
3
We'll have to get a blood sample.

c
oxygen mask
4
I need to sterilize the wound.

d
hypodermic needle
5
We'll have to feed him with liquids.

e
bandage scissors
6
Let's find out your weight.

f
scales
7
I need to examine the patient in private.

g
eye chart
8
Let's check your vision.

h
antiseptic
9
Let's see if you are running a fever.

i
IV bag
10
Can you cut this gauze for me?

j
privacy screen
Answers: 1c, 2a, 3d, 4h, 5i, 6f, 7j, 8g, 9b, 10e
Medical Specialists
Medical specialists are experts in certain fields of medicine. They either treat specific parts of the body, such as the back or the brain, or they specialize in certain diseases, such as cancer. Family doctors keep a list of local specialists and can help patients choose the right specialist for each medical issue. In many cases specialists require a referral from a family doctor before they will see a patient. Here is a list of the most common types of specialists. Study the list and then check your understanding by taking the quiz.
allergist:
specializes in determining food and environmental allergies
anesthesiologist:
specializes in pain prevention during surgery
cardiologist:
heart specialist
chiropractor:
back specialist
dentist:
tooth specialist
dermatologist:
skin specialist
fertility specialist:
helps people who have difficulty getting pregnant
gynecologist:
specializes in women's needs
massage therapist:
specializes in muscle relaxation
midwife:
helps women deliver babies in a natural way
naturopath:
specializes in natural cures and remedies
neurologist:
brain specialist
obstetrician:
specialist for pregnant women
occupational therapist:
specializes in workplace health
oncologist:
tumour specialist, including cancer
ophthalmologist:
specializes in eye diseases
pediatrician:
specialist for babies and children
physical therapist:
specializes in the body's movement
podiatrist:
foot specialist
psychiatrist:
specialist in mental health
radiologist:
specializes in imaging tests
Referral Quiz
Read the patient complaints. Which specialist does each patient need?
1
I have a terrible rash on my arms and legs. I think I'm allergic to dairy food, but it also might be grass. a) chiropractor b) opthomologist c) allergist d) psychiatrist
Click for answer c)
2
My husband and I just took a home pregnancy test, and it came out positive. We want to know when we are due and we want to make sure the fetus is healthy. a) podiatrist b) pediatrician c) obstetrician d) pharmacist
Click for answer c)
3
I still can't walk and it's been three months since my accident. I hate being stuck in a wheelchair. a) anethesiologist b) physical therapist c) radiologist d) dentist
Click for answer b)
4
The test results show that I have an advanced form of blood cancer. a) oncologist b) neurologist c) midwife d) allergist
Click for answer a)
5
My left eye has an infection that won't go away and my vision has been blurry for two weeks now. a) podiatrist b) massage therapist c) ophthalmologist d) radiologist
Click for answer c)
6
I don't want to take any drugs that will cause me to become addicted to them, but I do need some sort of pain relief. a) naturopath b) dentist c) cardiologist d) dermatologist
Click for answer a)
7
I've been having major chest pains this week. I'm also having trouble breathing. a) gynecologist b) cardiologist c) oncologist d) dermatologist
Click for answer b)
8
I get terrible acne and I have tried all of the products in the pharmacy. I don't know what to do now. a) massage therapist b) podiatrist c) occupational therapist d) dermatologist
Click for answer d)
9
My baby is not developing properly. She hasn't put on any weight in two months and she keeps getting ear infections. a) anethesiologist b) pediatrician c) midwife d) massage therapist
Click for answer b)
10
My husband and I have been trying to get pregnant for three years. We have tried everything that the books suggest. a) fertility specialist b) oncologist c) psychiatrist d) dentist
Click for answer a)
Doctor's Diagnosis
Physician
Your test results have come in.
I'm afraid the prognosis isn't good.
You have a long road to recovery.
We have several options to discuss.
The blood test came back negative.
The transfusion was a success.
It looks like you're ready to go home.
I'd like to keep you here over night.
We'll know more in a few days.
You're not in the clear yet.
We've ruled out diabetes.
I'm hoping to get to the bottom of this soon.
Patient
I don't understand what this means.
Am I going to need surgery?
Is it good news or bad?
When will the tests results come in?
How long do I have to stay in the hospital?
What is the success rate?
Are they going to run more tests?
Is this a common problem for people my age?
I'd like to discuss other options.
I'm going to get a second opinion.
Sample Conversation
Doctor:
Hi Jessica. How are you feeling today?
Patient:
A bit better.
Doctor:
That's good to hear. Are you still feeling nauseous?
Patient:
No, I haven't felt sick to my stomach since you switched my medication.
Doctor:
Great. Say, your test results came in this morning.
Patient:
It's about time. Is it good news or bad?
Doctor:
I guess it's a bit of both. Which do you want first?
Patient:
Let's get the bad news over with.
Doctor:
Okay. It looks like you're going to need surgery to remove the tumour from your leg. After the operation you're going to have to stay off your feet for at least three weeks. That means no soccer.
Patient:
I was afraid you were going to say that.
Doctor:
Now for the good news. The biopsy shows that the tumour is benign, which means it's not cancerous. We're going to take it out anyway just to be on the safe side.
Patient:
Wow, that's a load off my mind. Thanks Doctor.
Doctor:
Don't get too excited. We still need to get to the bottom of all of this weight loss.
Patient:
I've probably just been so worried about this stupid lump.
Doctor:
These things often are stress related, but we're still going to do a few blood tests just to rule a few things out.
Patient:
Things like what? Cancer?
Doctor:
Actually, I'm thinking more along the lines of a food allergy.
Check your understanding
1
Why did the woman have to switch medication? a) It gave her a lump. b) She was allergic to it. c) It was upsetting her stomach. d) It was too expensive.
Click for answer c)
2
What bad news does the doctor give the patient? a) She has cancer. b) She needs an operation. c) She has a food allergy. d) She needs a leg amputation.
Click for answer b)
3
What medical procedure did the patient already undergo? a) an allergy test b) major surgery c) a blood transfusion d) a biopsy
Click for answer d)

Visiting Hours
Part of being a nurse, involves dealing with the people who are close to your patients. When a patient is staying in a hospital or other health facility, it is often necessary to welcome, monitor, and inform visitors on a daily basis. In many cases you may form stronger relationships with the patients' visitors than the patients themselves. Depending on the condition of the patient, certain loved ones will be allowed to visit, while others will not. It is a difficult time for people who have loved ones in the hospital. Showing them compassion and explaining the rules is much easier if you have the necessary English skills.
Study the different people that may come to visit the patient. Then read some typical concerns and questions that visitors may have, and some appropriate responses that you may be able to give them.
Immediate family
Mother and Father (patient's parents)Husband or Wife (the man or woman the patient is married to)Son and Daughter (children of the patient, boy and girl)Brother and Sister/siblings (other children of the patient's parents)
Extended family
Grandmother and Grandfather (mother and father of patient's parents)Aunt and Uncle (brother and sister of patient's parents)Niece and Nephew (girl and boy child of patient's siblings)Cousins (children of patient's aunt or uncle)
Friends and other loved ones
Best friend (patient's closest friend)Room-mate (a person the patient lives with)Neighbour (a friend who lives near the patient)Co-worker (a person who works with the patient)Boyfriend or Girlfriend (the man or woman the patient loves/dates)Fiancé (the man or woman the patient is engaged to marry)
Questions and Concerns of Loved Ones
We're Michael's grandparents.
Could you tell me which room Mrs Smythe is in?
Is my child going to be okay?
When can we speak with the doctor?
What time are visiting hours?
I'm trying to locate my sister. (I'm trying to find my sister's room.)
Is there anything you can do to make him more comfortable.
My child would like something to drink.
Is there somewhere I can lie down for a while.
Could you tell me where the chapel is?
Please tell her to get well soon.
Questions and Responses from Nurses
What is your relation to Jessica?
You'll have to come back during visiting hours.
Ms Lee is too tired for visitors.
Room 7 is down the hall to your right.
I'll give you two some privacy now.
Does your daughter need anything?
I'm afraid she's not having a very good day today.
We do the best we can around here.
There's a quiet room for families down the hall.
The doctor would like to have a word with you. (The doctor wants to speak to you.)
She's doing much better this morning.
He's in isolation because of the transplant.
We had to transfer your mother-in-law to the ICU.
It's in your brother's best interest.
Sample Conversation
Nurse:
I'm afraid visiting hours are over, sir
Visitor:
My wife's in room 3B.
Nurse:
Sorry, you'll have to come back in the morning.
Visitor:
And leave her all alone overnight?
Nurse:
I'm afraid that's the policy, sir.
Visitor:
Surely you can make an exception? What if she needs me in the night?
Nurse:
Don't worry, we'll look after her. What she really needs is her rest.
Visitor:
Some of her friends want to see her too. When can they come?
Nurse:
Visiting hours are from 9 to 11 in the morning and 4 to 7 in the evening, but I'm afraid while your wife is on bedrest the doctor has requested that only immediate family members come in to see her.
Visitor:
Can't her friends even stop by to bring her flowers?
Nurse:
Flowers are not permitted in this ward. We just can't risk any germs that might come in with them.
Visitor:
Well, I guess it's all in her best interest.
Nurse:
Thanks for understanding. Now, I'm going to bring your wife her dinner. Why don't you head home and get something to eat yourself?
Visitor:
Okay. I really hate to leave her, but that's probably a good idea.
Nurse:
She's in good hands here. I'll tell her you were here and that you'll see her in the morning.
Check your understanding
1
What is the man's relation to the patient? a) brother b) uncle c) husband d) son
Click for answer c)
2
Why does the nurse send the man away? a) Because he isn't immediate family. b) Because the patient can't have flowers. c) Because the patient is in isolation. d) Because visiting hours have finished.
Click for answer d)
3
The nurse thanks the man because... a) he brought a gift for the patient. b) he understands the rules benefit patients. c) he loves his wife so much. d) he apologized to her.
Click for answer b)
Booking a Doctor's Appointment
Patient
I need to make an appointment.
I need to see the doctor.
When is the doctor free?
I need to renew my prescription.
Do you think the doctor could squeeze us in today?
I need to make an appointment for my husband.
My child needs to come in for a check-up.
The doctor wants to see me again in two week's time.
Receptionist
What is your chart number?
What is the appointment regarding?
Which day/what time is good for you?
Is January the 3rd okay with you?
How does four o'clock sound?
We'll see you then.
I'm sorry the doctor is not taking new patients.
We'll call you if there are any cancellations.
We're running an hour behind schedule.
Dr Jones is away. You'll be seeing Dr Lindsay.
Sample Conversation
Receptionist:
Doctor's office. Jane speaking. How can I help you?
Caller:
I need to make an appointment with Dr. Harris.
Receptionist:
Do you know your chart number?
Caller:
No, sorry. It's at home and I'm at work right now.
Receptionist:
No problem. What's your name, please?
Caller:
George Mason.
Receptionist:
Okay Mr Mason. Hold one moment while I grab your chart, please.
Caller:
Sure.
Receptionist:
Thanks for waiting. Now, what do you need to see the doctor about?
Caller:
Well, I've been fighting a cold for more than a week, and I think I might have a chest infection or something. My cough is getting worse each day.
Receptionist:
Hmm. Doctor Harris is off tomorrow. Do you think it can wait until Wednesday?
Caller:
Oh, I was really hoping to get in today or tomorrow in case I need some antibiotics. Maybe I'll have to go to the walk-in-clinic instead.
Receptionist:
Actually, we had a cancellation for 2:00pm today if you can get away from the office.
Caller:
Gee, it's almost 1:00pm already. I think I can make it if I leave right now.
Receptionist:
We're running a bit behind schedule, so you can probably count on seeing the doctor around 2:30.
Caller:
That's great. Thanks for fitting me in.
Receptionist:
No problem, Mr. Mason. We'll see you in an hour or so.
Check your understanding
1
Why does the caller phone the doctor's office? a) He's running late for his appointment. b) He's hoping Dr Harris can fit him in. c) He can't remember his chart number. d) His medication ran out.
Click for answer b)
2
Which is true about George Mason? a) He has a bad cold. b) He's running a fever. c) His cough is better. d) He's off on a sick day.
Click for answer a)
3
When will the doctor see Mr Mason? a) before 2pm b) around two-thirtyish c) tomorrow d) on Wednesday
Click for answer b)

DIALGS
A Physical Examination
Doctor: When did you last come in for a physical exam?Patient: I had my last physical two years ago.
Doctor: Have you had any other exams recently? Blood work, an EKG or an ultra-sound?Patient: Well, I had a few X-rays at the dentist's.
Doctor: How have you been feeling in general? Patient: Pretty well. No complaints, really.
Doctor: Could you roll up your left sleeve? I'd like to take your blood pressure.Patient: Certainly.
Doctor: 120 over 80. That's fine. You don't seem to be overweight, that's good. Do you exercise regularly?Patient: No, not really. If I run up a flight of stairs, it takes me a while to get my breath back. I need to get out more.
Doctor: That would be a good idea. How about your diet? Patient: I think I eat a pretty balanced diet. You know, I'll have a hamburger from time to time, but generally I have well-balanced meals.
Doctor: That's good. Now, I'm going to listen to your heart. Patient: Ooh, that's cold!
Doctor: Don't worry it's just my stethoscope. Now, breathe in and hold your breath. Please pull up your shirt, and breathe deeply... Everything sounds good. Let's take a look at your throat. Please open wide and say 'ah'.Patient: 'ah'
Doctor: OK. Everything looks ship shape. I'm going to order some blood work and that's about it. Take this slip to the front desk and they'll arrange an appointment for the tests. Patient: Thank you doctor. Have a nice day.
Key Vocabulary
physical examination (exam)blood workEKGultra-soundx-raysto roll up sleevesoverweight - underweightto exercise regularlybalanced dietwell-balanced mealsstethoscopeto breath in to hold one's breathto pull on one's shirtto breathe deeplyto open wideto look ship shapeslipfront deskto arrange an appointment


Some Troubling Symptoms
Patient: Good afternoon.
Doctor: Good afternoon. Have a seat. So, what have you come in for today?Patient: Thank you. I'm feeling ill, I've got quite a bad cough, but I don't seem to have a fever.
Doctor: I see. How long have you had these symptoms?Patient: Oh, I've had the cough for two weeks, but feeling ill just these past few days.
Doctor: Are you having any other problems?Patient: Well, I've got a headache. I've also had a little bit of diarrhea.
Doctor: Do you produce any phlegm when coughing?Patient: Sometimes, but it's usually pretty dry.
Doctor: Do you smoke?Patient: Yes, a few cigarettes a day. Certainly no more than a half a pack a day.
Doctor: How about allergies? Do you have any allergies?Patient: Not that I'm aware of.
Doctor: Does your head feel stuffy?Patient: Yes, for the past few days.
Doctor: OK. Now let's have a look. Could you please open your mouth and say 'ah'?
Key Vocabulary
symptomsto feel illcoughfeverto have a coughheadachediarrheaphlegmto coughallergystuffyto feel stuffy


Joint Pain
Patient: Good morning. Doctor Smith?Doctor: Yes, please come in.
Patient: Thank you. My name is Doug Smith.Doctor: What have you come in for today Ms Anders?
Patient: I've been having some pain in my joints, especially the knees.Doctor: How long have you been having the pain?
Patient: I'd say it started three or four months ago. It's been getting worse recently.Doctor: Are you having any other problems like weakness, fatigue or headaches?
Patient: Well I've certainly felt under the weather.Doctor: Right. How much physical activity do you get? Do you play any sports?
Patient: Some. I like to play tennis about once a week. I take my dog on a walk every morning.Doctor: OK. Let's have a look. Can you point to the area where you are having pain?
Key Vocabulary
joint painkneesweaknessfatigueheadacheto feel under the weatherphysical activityto play sportsto have pain
Pain that Comes and Goes
Doctor: How long have you been having this pain?Patient: It started in June. So for more than five months now. My stomach hurts after some meals, but not always.
Doctor: You should have come in earlier. Let's get to the bottom of this. Have you changed your eating habits during this period?Patient: No, not really. Well, that's not true. I'm eating the same foods, but less. You know, the pain seems to come and go.
Doctor: How strong is the pain exactly? On a scale of one to ten, how would you describe the intensity of the pain? Patient: Well, I'd say the pain is about a two on a scale of one to ten. Like I say, it's not really bad. It just keeps coming back...
Doctor: How long does the pain last when you get it?Patient: It comes and goes. Sometimes, I hardly feel anything. Other times, it can last up to half an hour or more.
Doctor: Is there a type of food that seems to cause stronger pain than other types?Patient: Hmmm ... heavy foods like steak or lasagna usually brings it on. I've been trying to avoid those.
Doctor: Does the pain travel to any other parts of your body - chest, shoulder or back? Or does it remain around the stomach area.Patient: No, it just hurts here.
Key Vocabulary
painstomachto hurtto get to the bottom of somethingeating habitsto come and goon a scale of one to tento keep coming backto last (an amount of time)heavy foodsto avoidchestshoulderback

A Prescription
Patient: … what about the problems I've been having sleeping?Doctor: I'm going to give you a prescription for some medicine to help you get a better night's sleep.
Patient: Thank you doctor.Doctor: Here, you can get this prescription at any pharmacy.
Patient: How often should I take the medicine?Doctor: Just take one pill about 30 minutes before you go to bed.
Patient: How long should I take them?Doctor: The prescription is for thirty days. If you're not sleeping well after thirty days, I'd like you to come back in.
Patient: Is there anything else I can do to help me sleep at night?Doctor: Don't worry so much about things at work. I know, I know... easier said than done.
Patient: Should I stay home from work?Doctor: No, I don't think that's necessary. Just remember to stay calm.
Key Vocabulary
prescriptionto get a good night's sleeppharmacyto take medicineto take a pilleasier said than doneto stay calm
Feeling Queasy
Nurse: Good morning, Mr Adams. How are you doing today?Patient: Horrible! I can't eat anything! I just feel sick to my stomach. Take the tray away.
Nurse: That's too bad. I'll just put this over here for now. Have you felt queasy for very long? Patient: I woke up during the middle of the night. I couldn't get back to sleep, and now I feel terrible.
Nurse: Have you been to the toilet? Any diarrhea or vomiting? Patient: I've been to the toilet twice, but no diarrhea or vomiting. Perhaps, I should drink something. Can I have a cup of tea?
Nurse: Certainly, I'll get you a cup immediately. Would you like black tea or peppermint tea?Patient: Peppermint, please. Do you think I could have another blanket? I'm so cold. I think I'm getting the chills.
Nurse: Here's an extra blanket. Let me tuck you in.Patient: You're so sweet. What is your name?
Nurse: My name is Alice. I'll be on shift during the day for the next few days.Patient: Hello Alice. My name is Jack. Nice to meet you.
Nurse: Let's get you feeling better Jack! Is there anything else I can get for you?Patient: That's alright. I think a cup of tea and a warm blanket should help.
Nurse: OK. I'll be back as soon as the tea is ready. Patient: Thank you.
Key Vocabulary
to feel queasyto feel sick to one's stomachtrayto wake upto feel terrible, awful, horribleto get (go) back to sleepto be to the toiletdiarrheavomitblack tea, peppermint teablanketto get the chillsto tuck someone in
Helping a Patient
Patient: Nurse, I think I might have a fever. It's so cold in here!Nurse: Here, let me check your forehead.
Patient: What do you think?Nurse: Your temperature seems raised. Let me get a thermometer to check.
Patient: How do I raise my bed? I can't find the controls.Nurse: Here you are. Is that better?
Patient: Could I have another pillow?Nurse: Certainly, Here you are. Is there anything else I can do for you?
Patient: No, thank you.Nurse: OK, I'll be right back with the thermometer.
Patient: Oh, just a moment. Can you bring me another bottle of water, too?Nurse: Certainly, I'll be back in a moment.
Key Vocabulary
feverto check someone's foreheadraised temperaturethermometerto raise / lower the bedcontrolspillow







Getting Patient Details
Administrative Staff: Hello, how can I help you?Patient: I've got an appointment with Dr. Adams.
Administrative Staff: Are you Ms Moyers? Patient: Yes, I am. I have an appointment at ten.
Administrative Staff: We just need to fill in some information for our files. Could you fill out these forms? Patient: Certainly ... (comes back after filling out the forms) what’s this form for?
Administrative Staff: It's just a privacy form informing you of our policies.Patient: Is that really necessary?
Administrative Staff: I'm afraid it is. Could you also sign that form? Patient: OK, there you go. Here's my insurance provider's card.
Administrative Staff: Thank you. OK, that'll be $20.Patient: Why do I have to pay $20?
Administrative Staff: It's the deductible for office visits required by your health care provider.Patient: ... but I'm insured aren't I?
Administrative Staff: Yes, of course. Your health care provider asks for deductibles on office visits.Patient: Every time I turn around I've got some additional fee to pay. I don't know why I pay for insurance!
Administrative Staff: I know it's frustrating. We also have a lot of paperwork. Every provider has different forms and requirements!Patient: This can't continue on like this!
Administrative Staff: I agree with that!
Key Vocabulary
appointment to fill in forms files form privacy policies to sign a form insurance provider insurance provider's card deductible office visit health care provider to be insured additional fee frustrating paperwork
Common Diseases:
· AIDS = squired immune deficiency syndrome
· allergies
· Alzheimer's disease
· anemia
· anxiety disorders
· arthritis
· asthma
· blood pressure
· brain cancer
· breast cancer
· bronchitis
· cancer
· cervical cancer
· chicken pox
· chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
· chronic illness
· cold sores
· colon cancer
· constipation
· common cold
· cough
· diabetes
· diarrhea
· dyspepsia
· eczema
· epilepsy
· eye disorders
· flu (influenza)
· food poisoning
· gastritis
· genital herpes
· gonorrhea
· gout
· headache
· heart attack
· heartburn
· hemorrhoids
· hepatitis
· herpes
· high cholesterol
· HIV
· hypertension
· impotence
· insomnia
· jaundice
· kidney cancer
· kidney stones
· liver cancer
· liver disease
· lung cancer
· Malaria
· meningitis
· menopause
· mental illness
· myopia (short-sightedness)
· migraine
· muscular dystrophy
· nervousness
· obesity
· ovarian cancer
· overweight
· pain
· prostate cancer
· prostate disorders
· pneumonia
· sexually transmitted diseases
· Sexual impotence
· sleep disorders
· sores
· stomachache
· stress
· stroke
· thrush
· Typhoid
· thyroid disorders
· tuberculosis
· whooping cough