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MEDICAL ENGLISH

Professional English in Use – Medicine (

Professional English in Use Medicine contains 60 units covering a wide variety of medical vocabulary. Topics include diseases and symptoms, investigations, treatment, examining and prevention. The book also introduces general medical vocabulary related to parts and functions of the body, medical, and para-medical personnel, education and training, research and presentations.

Contents

Basics:

1. Health and Illness
2. Parts of the body 1
3. Parts of the body 2
4. Functions of the body

Medical and paramedical personnel and places

5. Medical practitioner 1

6. Medical practitioner 2

7. Nurses

8. Allied health professionals

9. Hospitals

10. Primary care

Education and Training

11. Medical education 1

12. Medical education 2

13. The overseas doctor

Systems, diseases ans symptoms

14. Symptoms and signs

15. Blood

16. Bones

17. Childhood

18. The endocrine system

19. The eye

20. The gastrointestinal system

21. Gynaecology

22. The heart and circulation 1

23. The heart and circulation 2

24. Infections

25. Mental illness

26. The nervous system 1

27. The nervous system 2

28. Oncology

29. Pregnancy and childbirth

30. The respiratory system

31. The skin 1

32. The skin 2

33. The urinary system

Investigations

34. Basic investigations

35. Laboratory tests

36. Endoscopy

37. X-ray and CT

38. MRI and ultrasound

39. ECG

Treatment

40. Medical treatment

41. Surgical treatment

42. Therapies

Prevention

43. Screening and immunization

Epidemiology

44. Epidemiology

Ethics

45. Medical ethics

Research

46. Research studies

Taking a history

47. Taking a history 1

48. Taking a history 2

49. Taking a history 3

Examination

50 . Physical examination

51. Mental state examination

Explanation

52. Explaining diagnosis and management

53. Discussing treatment

54. Giving bad news

Presentations

55. Data presentation 1

56. Data presentation 2

57. Research articles

58. Abstracts

59. Conference presentations

60. Case presentations

Good Practice

Communication Skills in English for the Medical Practitioner

Good Practice focus on the language and communication skills that doctors need to make consultations more effective through a focus on five elements of good communication: verbal communication, active listening, voice management, non-verbal communication and cultural awareness.

Section 1: Introduction to communication

Section 2: Developing Language and Communication skills for the patient encounter

1. Receiving the patient

2. The presenting complaint

3. Past medical and family history

4. The social history and telephone consultations

5. Examining a patient

6. Giving results

7. Planning treatment and closing the interview

8. Dealing with sensitive issues

9. Breaking bad news

Section 3: Interviewing different patient categories

10. Communicating with challenging patients

11. Communicating with the elderly

12. Communicating with children and adolescents

WRITING

A) Part I: Getting Started

Chap 1: Finding Your Voice

- Why Write?

- Voice: .What is voice?

. Developing Voice

Part II: The Writing Process

Introduction

Chap 2: First Steps

Chap 3: Writing a Paragraph

Chap 4: Writing an Essay

Part III: The Structure of the Paragraph

Chap 5: The Paragraph

Part IV: The Structure of the Essay

Chap 6: The Essay

Part V: Rhetorical Patterns

Introduction

Chap7: Description

Chap 8: Narration

Chap 9: Illustration or Example

Chap 10: Process Analysis

Chap 11: Cause and Effect

Chap 12: Comparison and Contrast

Chap 13: Summary

Chap 14: Persuasion

Part VI: Capitalization

B) WORDINESS

C) PARALLELISM

- Introduction

- Items in series

- Pairs

- Comparisons

- Phrases and Clauses

- Parallel words

D) MODIFIERS

- Introduction

- Misplaced modifiers

- Limiting modifiers

- Squinting modifiers

- Split infinitives

- Dangling modifiers

E) PUNCTUATION

Exercises: (“Write about what you know” Daily routine, writing about your workplace, about your friend, about your family, about your favorite (singer, food, drink, Story writing), essays

Resources:

- Writer's Resources: From Paragraph to Essay by Julie Robitaille and Robert Connelly

- Writer’s Craft

- Microsoft Student with Encarta Premium 2009 DVD by Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009

READING

Importance of reading

Skimming and scanning

- Short reading passages

- Readings about animals

- Readings from different books

- Summarizing the read passages

Resources:

Short and long texts passages from books

Microsoft Student with Encarta Premium 2009 DVD by Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009 (articles about: History, Geography,

People & Society, Science & Nature, Arts & Literature, and Sports & Recreation)

Ultimate library

Encyclopedia Britannica

Dialogs

English Tutor…

Texts from VOA

Rosetta Stone

TOEFL books and software

IELTS books and software

TEOIC books

Cutting Edge books

Newspapers

NOTES ON AMERICAN & BRITISH ENGLISH

- Introduction

- British English vice American English usage

- The difference between British and American Grammar

- Understanding what you read (1& 2)

LISTENING & LEARNING AMERICAN & BRITISH ACCENT

- Introduction

Section 1: OVERVIEW OF AMERICAN ENGLISH SPEECH PATTERNS

INTONATION & STRESS

- Intonation

- Stress

- At the word level

- Beyond the word level

- Falling and rising inflection

- Primary stress and final inflection

- Stress for emphasis

- Stress for emphasis and final inflection

RHYTHM

- Reductions

- Liking

- Practicing rhythm and stress

Section 2: THE ENGLISH VOWELS

Introduction to English vowels and diphthongs

The IPA symbols for vowels

Production and classification of vowels

Lengths of vowels and diphthongs

- The simple vowels /ʌ/, /ə/, /i/, /ɪ/, /ε/, /æ/, /ɑ/, /ɔ/ /ʊ/, /u/, /ər/, /ʌr/

- The diphthongs /eɪ/, /aɪ/, /oʊ/, /au̇/, /ɔɪ/

- Bonus exercises

- Minimal pairs – Vowels / Diphthongs

Section 3: WORD STRESS

STRESS AND MEANING

- Compound words

- Two- part verbs

- Two – part verbs and idioms

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

- Prefixes and word stress

- Suffixes and word stress

- Meaning determined by stress on the suffix

- Suffixes and word stress placement

- Proper names, titles, times

- Abbreviations

- Times and dates

- Bonus exercises

- Practice Word Lists: abbreviations, common prefixes

- Compound words: verb & noun stress patterns: two –three syllable words; three –four syllable words; three – five syllable words

Section 4: THE RHYTHM OF AMERICAN ENGLISH

IDENTIFYING SPEECH RHYTHM

REDUCED FORMS AND RHYTHM

- Reducing function word

- Simplifying vowels

- The English articles

- Simplifying consonants

- Bonus exercises

- Reduced word groups

- Combining consonants

- Linking with the tapped t

- Common Two-Word Reductions

- Bonus exercises

- Omissions of h and t

- Contracted forms

- Bonus exercises

- Reduced segments with contracted forms

- Putting it all together

- Conversational Exercise

Section 5 THE AMERICAN ENGLISH CONSONANTS: The stops & The continuants

INTRODUCTION

- The IPA symbols for consonants

- Classification of consonants

. Tongue Tip Placement

. Use of Voice for Consonants

. Aspiration

/ p, b/ /t, d/ /k, g/ The stop consonants

- Initial stop consonants

- Final stop consonants

- Middle stop consonants

. Middle t, d

. The Glottal stop

. The Tapped t

- Linking: Stop consonants – Vowels

- Linking: Consonants – consonants

- The suffix – ed

. Stop consonants + Suffix -ed

. Contrast: Voiceless –ed – Voiced – ed

. Linking: Suffix – ed – consonants

- Bonus exercises

- Minimal pairs – Final stop consonants

- Silent spellings: - p, b t, d k, g

The continuant consonants

/ θ, ð/ ( thin, then)

- Contrast: / θ/ - /t/ Contrast / ð/ - /d/

- Contrast / θ/ - /s/ Contrast / ð/ - /z/

- Sound clusters / θ, ð/

- Practice words

- Bonus exercises

/f, v/ (fine, vet)

- Contrast /f/ - /v/

- Contrast /f, v/ - / θ, ð/

- Suffix –s, suffix –ed

- Contrast /v/ - /b/

- Irregular plurals / lvz/

- Practice words

- Bonus exercise

Section 6 THE AMERICAN ENGLISH CONSONATS: The Sibilants

/s, z/

/ ʃ, ʒ/ (share, ruge) / tʃ, dʒ/ (chair, jam)

- Initial sibilant sounds

/s/ blends

Final sibilant sounds

. Contrast: /s/ - /z/

. Contrast: / ʃ/ - / tʃ/

. Contrast: / tʃ/ - /dʒ/

. Contrast / ʒ/ - other sibilant sounds

STOP CONSONANTS + S

Suffix – s

Contrast: Suffix – s Voiceless - Suffix –s Voiced

CONSONAT CLUSTERS WITH /s/

Contrast /s/ clusters

. /ps/ - /bz/

. /ks/ - /gz/

. / ks/ - /sk/

. / ts/ - /dz/

Suffixes

-es –ize – tion, sion, cian

- cial, -tial, cious, tious, xious

-sian, sion, geous, gious

- est

- ist

SIBILANTS + Suffix –ed

- Contrast: /st/ - /zd/

- Linking sibilants – other sibilants

- Linking sibilants + suffix –ed – vowels

- Conversational exercise

- Silent spellings of S

- Spelling “ch” pronounced / ʃ/

- Minimal pairs – final sibilant sounds

Section 7 THE AMERICAN ENGLISH CONSONATS: The Glides & The Nasals

/r/

/r/ BLENDS

- Contrast /r/ blends: voiceless – voiced

MIDDLE /r/ blends

FINAL /r/ Blends

- Contrast /rt/ -/rd/

- Contrast /rs/ - /rz/

- More Practice Words - /r/ blends

- Bonus exercises

/l/

THE CLEAR /l/

- Long vowel + /l/

/l/ BLENDS

- Contrast /l/ blends: Voiceless – Voiced

FINAL /l/

- A final consonant + /l/

THE BACK /l/

- Contrast: /l/ - /r/

- Contrast: /l/ blends – /r/ blends

- The suffix –ly

- Conversational exercise – sounds /r/ & /l/

- Silent l

- More practice words - /r/ & /l/

- Bonus exercises

/w/

- Contrast /v/ -/w/

- Bonus exercise

/j/ (yet)

- Contrast /j/ - /dʒ/

/h/

- Silent h

- Bonus exercise

THE NASAL SOUNDS

/m/, /n/

- Contrast: /m/ - /n/

- Contrast Voiceless – Voiced Endings

- Contrast: /l/ -/n/

/ŋ/

- Contrast /n/ - /ŋ/

- Contrast /nk/ -/ŋ/

- Contrast suffix endings –s,-d

- The suffix –ing

- Contrast endings –nking – nging

- Bonus exercise

Section 8 MORE ON STRESS AND INTONATION

INTONATION AND MEANING

- Polite Tones

- Mildly rising inflection

- Sharply rising inflection

- Swinging pitch inflection

- Sharply falling inflection

VARIATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS

- Yes / No question form with falling inflection

- Declarative form with rising inflection

- Wh questions with rising inflection

VARIATIONS IN STRESS

- Stress on descriptive words

- Degrees of stress

- Conversational exercise

- Stress with lower pitch

PRACTICING STRESS FOR EMPHASIS

- Clarifying and explaining

INTONATION AND PAUSES

- Messages that require pauses

. Addressing the listener by Name

. Responses beginning with Yes or No

. Messages with tag forms

- Pauses in longer sentences

. Compound sentences

. Parenthetical statements

- Stating options – two options

. Conversational Options

. More than two options

- Stating items or sequences

. Indefinite listings or choices

. Conversational Exercises

- Descriptions, directions or instructions

. Conversational Exercises – Putting it all together

. Bonus exercises

Resources:

- The American Accent Guide

- Pronounce It Perfectly in English

- Rosetta stone Version1 level 1, 2, and 3

- Clear Speech (from the start)

- Clear speech (pronunciation…)

- American Accent Training

- English Tutor: The ultimate way to learn English faster

- In Charge 1: an integrated skills course for high level students